Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS): Causes and Medical Treatment Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is a neurological disorder characterized by an overwhelming urge to move the legs, often accompanied by uncomfortable sensations like tingling, aching, or itching. These symptoms typically worsen during periods of inactivity or rest, especially in the evening or night, leading to disrupted sleep and significant distress. Causes of Restless Legs Syndrome Genetics: RLS often runs in families, suggesting a genetic component. Researchers have identified several genetic variants associated with the condition. Dopamine Imbalance: An imbalance in dopamine levels or its function in the brain is thought to play a crucial role in RLS. Iron Deficiency: This deficiency may impair dopamine production and function, contributing to RLS symptoms. Chronic Diseases: Certain chronic conditions, such as diabetes, kidney failure, and peripheral neuropathy, are associated with a higher risk of developing RLS. Pregnancy: RLS is common during pregnancy, particularly in the third trimester. Hormonal changes, iron deficiency, and increased stress levels during pregnancy may contribute to the development of RLS. Fortunately, symptoms often resolve after childbirth.